基于气泡的缸盖水腔沸腾传热仿真研究

从气泡核化条件及沸腾起始点要求出发,提出相变判定条件,从而准确界定沸腾区域. 基于沸腾均相流计算模型框架,建立了沸腾传热数值计算模型,并利用Robinson实验数据对该计算模型的准确性进行了校核. 利用该数值模型对缸盖温度场进行了预测,与实机测温结果进行实验比对,证明新沸腾数值模型计算结果更接近实机测试温度,火力面测点最大误差不超过7%.      

Constructal entransy optimizations for insulation layer of steel rolling reheating furnace wall with convective and radiative boundary conditions

Based on the entransy dissipation extremum principle for thermal insulation process, the constructal optimizations for a plane insulation layer of the steel rolling reheating furnace wall with convective and radiative boundary conditions are carried out by taking the minimization of entransy dissipation rate as optimization objective. The optimal construct of the plane insulation layer is obtained. The results show that for the convective heat transfer boundary condition, the optimal constructs of the insulation layer obtained based on the minimizations of the entransy dissipation rate and heat loss rate are obvi- ously different. Comparing the optimal construct obtained based on the minimization of the entransy dissipation rate with that based on the minimization of the heat loss rate, the entransy dissipation rate is reduced by 5.98 %, which makes the global thermal insulation performance of the insulation layer improve. For the combined convective and radiative heat transfer boundary condition, compared the insulation layer having an increasing thickness with that having constant thickness and a decreasing thickness, the entransy dissipation rates are reduced by 16.59 % and 39.72 %, respectively, and the global thermal insulation performance of the insulation layer is greatly improved.There exits an optimal constant coefficient α2,opt which leads to the minimum dimensionless entransy dissipation rate of the insulation layer. The difference between the optimal constant coefficients α2,opt obtained based on the minimizations of the entransy dissipation rate and the maximum temperature gradient of the insulation layer is small. This makes the corresponding thermal stress obtained based on the minimum dimensionless entransy dissipation rate also be small, and the global thermal insulation performance and thermal safety of the insulation layer are improved simultaneously. The results obtained can provide some guidelines for the optimal designs of the insulation layers.     

Acid condensation and heat transfer characteristics on H-type fin surface with bleeding dimples and longitudinal vortex generators

Acid condensation rate is an important factor denoting the acid corrosion, and the reduction of the acid condensation can significantly relieve the acid corrosive effect on the wall surface and improve the security of the equipments. In this study, the characteristics of both heat transfer and acid condensation of the finned tube in heat exchanger were numerically studied. In the numerical model, we simulated the acid condensation by considering the vapor-liquid equilibrium effect and multi-component diffusion effect. Based on the H-type finned oval tube, we proposed three novel types of fins to both enhance the heat transfer and reduce the acid condensation. The parametric effects of gas temperature, acid vapor concentration, water vapor concentration, and Reynolds number were investi- gated on different fin structures. The results show that the tube bank with the new structured fins can improve the performance on both heat transfer and acid anticondensation.     

凝汽器壳侧换热特性影响因素研究

影响电站凝汽器换热的因素有多种,研究这些影响因素有利于提高凝汽器换热性能。建立凝汽器壳侧流体流动与换热带有多孔介质概念的准三维数值模型,使用数值模型模拟实验凝汽器内部换热特性。在实验中,考虑冷却水入口质量流量、入口温度、蒸汽负荷、漏空气量对换热特性的影响;同样研究了湍流黏度、网格数对计算结果的影响。凝汽器入口参数直接影响凝汽器换热特性,漏空气量增大传热热阻,增大传热端差,降低传热系数;湍流黏度取值不同对数值结果有一定的影响;网格数对凝汽器实时仿真影响很大。     

三种工况下裸体状态数值假人的热传递模拟

为了探索一种能够取代暖体假人现场实验的有效途径,建立数值气候室,利用计算流体动力学(CFD)的数值模拟方法,在送风温度为20℃、速度为0.05m/s工况下,对数值假人体表自然对流边界空气层的温度、速度场分布及热传递属性参数进行模拟,然后在送风温度为20℃、速度分别为0.15和0.50m/s工况下,对室内混合对流的温度场和速度场以及热传递属性参数进行模拟.研究表明模拟结果具备很高的可靠性.     

篮球单手肩上投篮技能两侧性迁移规律的实验研究

以篮球单手肩上投篮为实验任务,以投篮准确性为因变量,以不同练习方式为自变量,通过现场实验法探讨运动技能学习过程中的两侧性迁移规律。40名右利手、初学者随机分为控制组、右手练习组、先左手后右手练习组、先右手后左手练习组,进行为期3d的篮球单手肩上投篮技能学习,第3天练习结束后,进行10 min后、24 h后和1周后技能保持测试。研究结果表明：①10 min后保持测试中,右手练习组、先左手后右手练习组、先右手后左手练习组投篮成绩好于控制组,右手练习组、先左手后右手练习组、先右手后左手练习组投篮成绩没有差异;②24 h和1周后保持测试中,右手练习组、先左手后右手练习组、先右手后左手练习组投篮成绩好于控制组,先左手后右手练习组投篮成绩显著好于右手练习组和先右手后左手练习组,右手练习组投篮成绩显著好于先右手后左手练习组。这一实验结果表明篮球单手肩上投篮技能迁移规律是由左手向右手迁移,即由非优势侧向优势侧肢体迁移。     

4,4-二硝基丁酸乙酯的合成研究

以丙烯酸乙酯与二硝基甲烷钾盐为反应原料,四丁基溴化铵为相转移催化剂,通过Michael加成反应合成4,4-二硝基丁酸乙酯。采用红外光谱、紫外可见光谱、质谱、核磁共振氢谱及元素分析等对产物结构进行了表征。通过单因素变量法探讨了反应时间、反应物料比、催化剂用量及反应温度对产物产率的影响,得出该反应最佳工艺条件：反应时间为60 min,反应温度为20℃,n丙烯酸乙酯：n二硝基甲烷钾盐为2：1,相转移催化剂四丁基溴化铵质量为二硝基甲烷钾盐质量的30%时,产物偕二硝基丁酸乙酯收率可达到33%。     

非稳态条件下麻类纤维动态传热性能比较与分析

研究了几种常见麻类纤维(包括汉麻、亚麻、黄麻、苎麻)在非稳态条件下的动态传热性能,并与棉纤维进行对比.采用自行搭建的温度采集系统测试了高温环境(100℃)下每种纤维的动态温升曲线,根据动态传热率描述纤维在初始非稳态传热过程中的动态传热性能.研究结果表明,麻类纤维具有比棉纤维更加优良的动态传热性能,其中以苎麻纤维最优,其次分别为汉麻纤维、黄麻纤维、亚麻纤维.     

氟代芳基碳酸酯与氨基甲酸酯中氢键的理论研究

运用 AIM理论在 B97D 水平上计算了2-丁炔-1，4-二基二（2，3，4，5，6-五氟苯基碳酸酯）1，2-丁炔-1，4-二基二（4-氟苯基碳酸酯）2及2-丁炔-1，4-二基二（2，3，4，5，6-五氟苯氨基甲酸酯）3中的分子间有机氟 C -H…F -C 氢键．这些分子间氢键为闭壳相互作用．尽管晶体1中 H…F 距离接近经典氢键，但是该有机氟氢键仍为弱氢键．NBO 分析表明，研究的有机氟 C -H…F -C 氢键存在明显的电荷转移，用电荷转移合理地解释了分子1采取顺式结构．     

U型或浮头式换热器管板中的热应力及其主要影响因素研究

采用有限元法研究了U型或浮头式换热器管板中的热应力，并考察了管板厚度及管壳程对流换热系数的影响。研究结果表明，对于U型或浮头式换热器，管板内仍存在较大的热应力，这是由于管板上换热管中热量传递造成的，并且当管板较厚时这种应力更为突出；在管程走热流体时，管板两侧表面存在拉伸热应力，降低管板厚度可以有效地降低由热载荷引起的管板壳程侧表面热应力，壳程侧表面热应力可由40 MPa降至-13 MPa；壳程传热系数对管板温度场的影响明显，在换热器设计中使对流换热系数较低的介质走壳程有利于降低管板的热应力。